Objectives: Systematic reviews (SRs) are becoming essential evidence in the decision-making process within the field of social sci-ences. This study aimed to investigate how Campbell SRs were cited and explore their specific application roles.Study Design and Setting: We included Campbell SRs published between 2016 and 2020 by searching the Wiley online library, and retrieved the articles and documents citing Campbell SRs from the Web of Science and Google Scholar by December 31, 2021. We described the characteristics of the SRs and citations, and formulated a set of application roles by analyzing the sentences or paragraphs where the SRs were cited.Results: Sixty nine Campbell SRs were published between 2016 and 2020; they were cited in 641 articles or documents a total of 1,289 times. The primary types of articles that cited Campbell SRs were cross-sectional studies (n = 226, 35.3%), SRs (n = 112, 17.5%), ran-domized controlled trials (n = 77, 12.0%), and policy reports (n = 57, 8.8%). Articles utilizing Campbell SRs were predominantly led by authors from the United States (n = 184, 28.7%), the United Kingdom (n = 98, 15.3%), and Australia (n = 51, 8.0%). We formulated a set of 10 application roles for the Campbell SRs, of which the most frequent were: describing the current status in the field of interest (n = 691, 53.6%), corroboration of the results (n = 140, 10.9%), identifying research gaps (n = 130, 10.1%), and providing methodological refer-ences (n = 126, 9.8%); the role of supporting policy recommendations or decisions accounted for 6.0% (n = 77) of the citations. Approx-imately 12% of Campbell SRs were used to support policy recommendations or decisions.Conclusion: Campbell SRs are widely applied, particularly in scientific research, to describe the current status in the field of interest. Although the current application of Campbell SRs in supporting policy recommendations and decisions may not be predominant, there is a growing recognition of their value in using Campbell SRs to inform decision-making.(c) 2023 Published by Elsevier Inc.

BackgroundAn increasing number of systematic reviews (SRs) in the environmental field have been published in recent years as a result of the global concern about the health impacts of air pollution and temperature. However, no study has assessed and compared the methodological and reporting quality of SRs on the health effects of air pollutants and extreme temperatures. This study aims to assess and compare the methodological and reporting quality of SRs on the health effects of ambient air pollutants and extreme temperatures.MethodsPubMed, Embase, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Epistemonikos databases were searched. Two researchers screened the literature and extracted information independently. The methodological quality of the SRs was assessed through A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2). The reporting quality was assessed through Preferred Reporting Items of Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA).ResultsWe identified 405 SRs (286 for air pollution, 108 for temperature, and 11 for the synergistic effects). The methodological and reporting quality of the included SRs were suboptimal, with major deficiencies in protocol registration. The methodological quality of SRs of air pollutants was better than that of temperature, especially in terms of satisfactory explanations for any heterogeneity (69.6% v. 45.4%). The reporting quality of SRs of air pollution was better than temperature, however, adherence to the reporting of the assessment results of risk of bias in all SRs (53.5% v. 34.3%) was inadequate.ConclusionsMethodological and reporting quality of SRs on the health effect of air pollutants were higher than those of temperatures. However, deficiencies in protocol registration and the assessment of risk of bias remain an issue for both pollutants and temperatures. In addition, developing a risk-of-bias assessment tool applicable to the temperature field may improve the quality of SRs.

BackgroundActive workstations have been proposed as a feasible approach for reducing occupational sedentary time. This study used a network meta-analysis (NMA) to assess and compare the overall efficacy of active workstation interventions according to type and concomitant strategy for reducing work-specific sitting time in office workers.MethodsPubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were searched from database inception until May 2022 to obtain randomized controlled trials (RCTs) assessing the efficacy of active workstations with or without concomitant strategies for reducing occupational sedentary time in office workers. The risk of bias of the RCTs included in this study was assessed according to the Cochrane Handbook. An NMA with STATA 15.1 was used to construct a network diagram, league figures, and the final surface under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) values. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the grading of recommendations, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE) approach.ResultsA total of 23 eligible studies including eight different types of interventions with 1428 office workers were included. NMA results showed that compared to a typical desk, multicomponent intervention (standardized mean difference (SMD) = - 1.50; 95% confidence interval (CI) - 2.17, - 0.82; SUCRA = 72.4%), sit-stand workstation + promotion (Reminders of rest breaks, posture variation, or incidental office activity) (SMD = - 1.49; 95%CI - 2.42, - 0.55; SUCRA = 71.0%), treadmill workstation + promotion (SMD = - 1.29; 95%CI - 2.51, - 0.07; SUCRA = 61.6%), and sit-stand workstation (SMD = - 1.10, 95%CI - 1.64, - 0.56; SUCRA = 50.2%) were effective in reducing occupational sedentary time for office workers.ConclusionsMulticomponent intervention, sit-stand workstation + promotion, treadmill workstation + promotion, and sit-stand workstation appear to be effective in reducing work-specific sedentary time for office workers. Furthermore, multicomponent interventions and active workstations + promotion better reduced work-specific sedentary time than active workstation alone. However, the overall certainty of the evidence was low.

BackgroundDongxiang group, as an important minority, resides in Gansu province which is located at the northwest China, forensic detection system with more loci needed to be studied to improve the application efficiency of forensic case investigation in this group.MethodsA 60-plex system including 57 autosomal deletion/insertion polymorphisms (A-DIPs), 2 Y chromosome DIPs (Y-DIPs) and the sex determination locus (Amelogenin) was explored to evaluate the forensic application efficiencies of individual discrimination, kinship analysis and biogeographic origin prediction in Gansu Dongxiang group based on the 60-plex genotype results of 233 unrelated Dongxiang individuals. The 60-plex genotype results of 4582 unrelated individuals from 33 reference populations in five different continents were also collected to analyze the genetic background of Dongxiang group and its genetic relationships with other continental populations.ResultsThe system showed high individual discrimination power, as the cumulative power of discrimination (CPD), cumulative power of exclusion (CPE) for trio and cumulative match probability (CMP) values were 0.99999999999999999999997297, 0.999980 and 2.7029E(- 24), respectively. The system could distinguish 98.12%, 93.78%, 82.18%, 62.35% and 39.32% of full sibling pairs from unrelated individual pairs, when the likelihood ratio (LR) limits were set as 1, 10, 100, 1000 and 10,000 based on the simulated family samples, respectively. Additionally, Dongxiang group had the close genetic distances with populations in East Asia, especially showed the intimate genetic relationships with Chinese Han populations, which were concluded from the genetic affinities and genetic background analyses of Dongxiang group and 33 reference populations. In terms of the effectiveness of biogeographic origin inference, different artificial intelligent algorithms possessed different efficacies. Among them, the random forest (RF) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) algorithm models could accurately predict the biogeographic origins of 99.7% and 90.59% of three and five continental individuals, respectively.ConclusionThis 60-plex system had good performance for individual discrimination, kinship analysis and biogeographic origin prediction in Dongxiang group, which could be used as a powerful tool for case investigation.

[目的 /意义]随着数字人文研究范式的兴起，为研究者基于二手资源开展循证研究提供了契机。[方法 /过程]本文首先梳理了数字人文“二手证据”循证范式相关的理论基础，并以敦煌汉简为例对数字人文“二手证据”循证范式进行了实证分析。通过来自CNKI的287篇敦煌汉简相关研究文献的编码分析，检验了信度和效度，并对类目体系展开了综合分析。[结果 /结论]本文提出了循证数字人文基于“二手证据”展开循证研究的包括文献检索、类目编制、“二手证据”要素的综合分析3个阶段，以及证据检索、信度检验环节、效度检验环节和类目构建、证据要素综合5个环节构成的“三阶段五环节”范式。本研究所构建的范式，对循证数字人文学科、学术和话语体系建设具有一定的理论参照和实践指引价值。

Summary-摘要: [目的 /意义]蕴藏于原始文献典籍的“一手证据”是展开数字人文研究的重要途径。[方法 /过程]本文以《鲍氏国策》为例，基于自然语言处理技术，以共词分析方法为突破口，比较全面地展开了数字人文研究者如何基于来自原始文献的“一手证据”展开系统化的研究。[结果 /结论]本研究针对《鲍氏国策》中“一手证据”的提取，从词频统计、停用词的去除、词义模糊词的识别与剔除等方面，展开了基于词语展开分析时若干基础指标的获取过程；进而，本研究以《鲍氏国策》为例，提供了数字人文研究中，应用共词网络可视化、聚类系数、中心度指标、结构洞识别等一系列统计分析方法与指标，对一手证据展开解析的基本程序。本研究所展开的方法，有助于为完成数字人文“一手证据”的循证范式提供参考

[目的 /意义]构建具有中国特色的数字人文循证范式自主知识体系是时代的要求。[方法 /过程]本文以“范式”理论为基础，对中国特色数字人文循证范式自主知识体系的基本理论要素进行深入探讨。[结果 /结论]本文认为，把马克思主义的基本原理与中华优秀传统文化相结合，是中国特色循证数字人文自主知识体系的思想基础。中华民族源远流长的集体记忆及其载体，构成了中国特色数字人文循证范式自主知识体系的文化基础。丰富多彩的传统典籍文献为中国特色循证数字人文自主知识体系的形成奠定了坚实的文献基础。“文史互证”指引下具有鲜明中国治学特色的目录学则为循证数字人文自主知识体系打下了厚重的方法论基础。本文所展开的梳理和解析，有望为构建具有中国特色的循证数字人文自主知识体系产生积极的影响。

The United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) involve society, economy, and environment, and the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is an important path to implement the SDGs. Moreover, the BRI is a vision for economic development of countries along the route. Although many studies documented the effect of the BRI on environment and economic performance, few studies have discussed the effect of the BRI on social and economic benefits. Therefore, we introduce the public health expenditure to explore the relationship between the BRI and the public health and economic growth of countries along the route from the dual perspective of social development and economic growth. Based on a panel data from 171 countries from 2010 to 2018, the current research explores whether the BRI can boost public health and promote economic growth in the belt-road countries. As a result, we found that the BRI boosted the expenditure of public health and effectively spurred economic growth in the belt-road countries. Furthermore, the effect of the BRI on the economic growth in the countries along the route depends on the level of public health expenditure in each country; the positive effect of the BRI on economic growth is significant when the public health expenditure level is moderate instead of low or high. The findings provide theoretical and practical insights into the SDGs of the BRI.

Unethical pro-organizational behavior is one of the core factors that affect organizational development. Although enterprises and researchers have done a lot of work, a quantitative and systematic assessment of unethical pro-organizational behavior research is still lacking, this review conducts a bibliometric analysis to describe the characteristics and trends of unethical pro-organizational behavior research in business and management, such as publication trend analysis, co-citation analysis, keywords co-occurrence analysis, and citation burst analysis. The results show that 89 articles and 4,523 references from 49 journals contributed by 254 authors are identified. The number of publications has increased significantly since 2019. The China and United States are the most productive country. Umphress E and Yam C are the most influential authors. "Journal of Business Ethics and Frontiers in Psychology" are the most influential journal, 26 words in 516 keywords constitute the strongest set of terms available, Keyword co-occurrence analysis found ethical decision-making, the measurement, and impact of unethical pro-organizational behavior, the antecedents of ethical leadership are worthy and prospective potential trends. These findings provide a systematically, transparently, and visually reviewed the landscape and development process of unethical pro-organizational behavior research, which may help researchers and practitioners to understand unethical pro-organizational behavior in business management and provide a new perspective for future research.

We conducted the present bibliometric analysis to explore menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)-related research trends between 2000 and 2021. The Web of Science database was systematically searched from 2000 to 2021 to retrieve MHT-related publications. Visualization mapping and keyword cluster graphs were utilized to illustrate the research topics and hotpots. We included 11,616 MHT-related publications for this bibliometric analysis. The results showed that (1) MHT-related research had a very slow increase in the past 22 years, and the trend fluctuated. Sum of times cited and average citations per item had the same trend: a sharp decline from 2002 to 2003, and a rapid increase from 2003 to 2006, reaching the peak in 2006, then following a downward trend. The average H-index was 57, peaking in 2001; (2) the USA, the League of European Research Universities, and Dr. JoAann Manson from Harvard University contributed the most; (3) Menopause: The Journal of The North American Menopause Society had the most significant number of MHT-related publications; (4) the research hotpots primarily focused on MHT for treating menopausal symptoms and the impact of MHT on women's health. According to previous studies, MHT was the most effective treatment for managing vasomotor symptoms of menopause, but results from the clinical trials and observational studies regarding MHT adverse events remain inconsistent. Mechanisms are fundamental when clinical studies give conflicting results. Therefore, future studies should focus on adverse events and their mechanisms.

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The review will address the following research questions: What is the evidence on the effects of adult mentoring programmes in reducing anti-social, violent and offending behaviour in children aged under 18 years? Are these effects sustained after the end of mentoring? Which aspects/features of adult mentoring programmes promote the reduction of anti-social, violent and criminal behaviour in children aged under 18 years? What are the hindering factors/barriers that affect the successful implementation of adult mentoring programmes in children aged under 18 years? What are the supporting factors/facilitators that contribute to the successful implementation of adult mentoring programmes in children aged under 18 years? What is the evidence on programme costs and incremental cost effectiveness? (The incremental (or marginal cost) is the cost of providing the intervention over and above the cost of usual services).

Background Malaria is one of the most serious global problems. The objective of this study is to assess whether intermittent preventive treatment (IPT) using artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) was a promising alternative to IPT with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT-SP). Methods We searched the following sources up to 12 August 2020: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, VIP and WanFang Database from inception. The randomized controlled trials comparing SP with ACTs for malaria were included. Data were pooled using Stata.14 software. We performed subgroup analysis based on the different types of ACTs groups and participants. Results A total of 13 studies comprising 5180 people were included. The meta-analysis showed that ACTs had the lower risk of number of any parasitemia (RR=0.46; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.96, p=0.039; I-2=90.50%, p<0.001), early treatment failure (RR=0.17; 95% CI 0.06 to 0.48, pI(2)=66.60%, p=0.011) and late treatment failure (RR=0.34; 95% CI 0.13 to 0.92, pI(2)=87.80%, p<0.001) compared with SP. There was no significant difference in adequate clinical response, average hemoglobin and adverse neonatal outcomes. Conclusion Combinations with ACTs appear promising as suitable alternatives for IPT-SP.

[目的 /意义]循证方法已成为管理、教育、经济和法律等社会领域的重要研究范式。在数字人文研究中，如何从原始文献资料中获取和加工证据，以便有效地解决研究问题，这是一个具有重要的理论和现实意义的研究议题。[方法 /过程]本文以社会认识层次论作为循证数字人文证据综合的理论基础，解析了循证数字人文证据生态系统的层次结构，并以原始文献和二手文献中的原始证据与二手证据的综合过程为例，演示了多元互证的具体流程。[结果 /结论]本文提出了循证数字人文的证据层级结构，并在此基础上从效度和认知两个方面探讨了循证效度协同问题。基于前序研究，本文还对循证数字人文的多元互证模式与途径进行了归纳梳理。本文所提出的循证数字人文研究中证据整合的范式，有助于为构建具有中国特色循证数字人文自主知识体系提供参考。

Objectives: To examine the characteristics, methodological and reporting quality of systematic reviews and meta-analyses in social science journals in China. Study Design and Setting: The Chinese Social Sciences Citation Index (CSSCI) databases were searched for systematic reviews and meta-analysis published between January 2000 and December 2019. We randomly selected 200 articles from the 401 identified in our search. The Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) checklists were used to assess the methodological and reporting quality, respectively. Results: The 200 articles we selected covered a wide range of research fields in 9 disciplines, most of which belonged to management, education and psychology. The mean AMSTAR score and PRISMA score was 8.99 +/- 3.36 points and 14.74 +/- 3.96 points, respectively. These findings indicated that the quality of the systematic reviews was below the average level. Meanwhile, year of publication was related to both methodological quality (P = 0.001) and reporting quality (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Although many systematic reviews and meta-analysis have been published in top Chinese journals, the methodological and reporting quality is troubling. Thus, the most urgent task is to increase the standard of systematic reviews and meta-analysis of every discipline rather than continuing to publish them in great quantity. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

目的通过证据图谱方法系统识别、描述和评价抑郁症患者运动干预相关研究证据。方法计算机检索建库至2021年7月中国知网、万方数据、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普、Web of Science、EMBASE、Cochrane library和PubMed,获取抑郁症患者运动干预的随机对照试验和系统综述/Meta分析。采用Cochrane手册5.1.0推荐的偏倚风险评估工具和AMSTAR-2对纳入的研究进行质量评估。基于世界卫生组织国际健康分类家族(WHO-FICs)架构,建立证据图谱研究框架,利用EPPI软件和Microsoft Excel2019工具进行数据提取和编码,采用气泡图综合呈现研究人群、干预类别、原始研究样本量及系统综述/Meta分析纳入研究数量、结论分类等信息。结果最终纳入101篇随机对照试验和52篇系统综述/Meta分析。101篇随机对照试验中,共涉及3类干预策略,15种不同的干预措施,主要包括未特指的运动干预(28篇,27.72%)和瑜伽干预(19篇,18.81%)。主要研究结局包括b1.精神功能(92篇,91.09%)和d9.社区、社会和公民生活(19篇,18.81%)。3类干预策略中康复类占比最高,共计47篇(46.53%),主要研究人群为其他特指的抑郁症患者(19篇,40.42%),如重度抑郁症及老年抑郁症患者,46篇(97.87%)结论被归类为"有益"或"可能有益"。52篇系统综述/Meta分析中,共涉及9项干预措施,主要包括未特指的运动干预(17篇,32.69%)和瑜伽干预(12篇,23.08%)。主要研究结局包括b1.精神功能(41篇,78.85%)和不良反应(12篇,23.08%)。3类干预策略中治疗类占比最高,共计34篇(65.38%),其中,研究人群主要为其他特指的抑郁症患者(27篇,79.41%),如成年抑郁症和抑郁症孕产妇,28篇(82.35%)的研究结论被归类为"有益"或"可能有益"。同时,干预环境/背景主要为门诊和住院环境。结论证据图谱结果显示运动干预策略主要聚焦于抑郁症患者的治疗和康复,主要研究患者的身体功能与结构(精神功能),且有效性显著。对于步行、自行车、气功、阻力训练和运动游戏干预的有效性,以及干预时间、干预的不良反应等方面,仍需未来高质量的研究进一步探讨。

文章在传统的查全率和查准率检索评价指标、循证研究证据的分级体系和证据转化整合理论基础上提出了敏感度科学性评价指标，为循证社会科学领域原始研究文献证据质量的科学评价提供了理论依据。通过抽样匹配展开敏感度评价实证检验发现：连接符and比or更能降低检索结果的敏感性; 从敏感度的角度看，为提高查准率，可以优先原则基于“篇名”项的检索式，为提高查全率，则可以选择“摘要”项的组合或单项检索作为补充。

文章基于前序研究所提出的饱和度和冗余度科学性评价指标和所构建的饱和文献数据集，对文献证据检索的饱和度和冗余度进行评价发现：单项检索时主题检索项效率最高; 使用and连接组合项时应避免加入题名检索项; 组合检索中“主题or题名or关键词or摘要”检索效率最高。

在传统的查全率和查准率检索评价指标，以及循证研究证据的分级体系和证据转化整合理论基础上引入了信度评价指标，为循证社会科学领域原始研究文献证据质量的科学评价提供了理论依据。对前序研究得到的文献证据数据集进行信度评价发现：出现“关键词or全文”检索项在高相关数据集中重测信度更高，出现“关键词and摘要”的检索项在中相关数据集结果最稳定; 复本信度检验结果显示：中相关数据集中出现“关键词or全文”和“摘要or全文”检索项的复本信度都很高，而在高相关数据集中，又出现“主题or关键词”的可靠性较强

文章在传统的查全率和查准率检索评价指标，以及循证研究证据的分级体系和证据转化整合理论基础上提出的饱和度和冗余度科学性评价指标，为循证社会科学领域原始研究文献证据质量的科学评价提供了理论依据。文章依据饱和度评价指标对社会科学领域特定主题原始文献证据采用多种检索方式（参考文献迭代、代表性作者检索）进行系统性检索，构建了一个文献相关度分为高度相关、中度相关、低度相关的穷尽检索文献证据饱和数据集，进而为后续文献证据检索的冗余度等科学性评价提供了基础数据。