Understanding deformation networks, visible as curvilinear lineaments in images, is crucial for geoscientific explorations. However, traditional manual extraction of lineaments is expertise-dependent, time-consuming, and labor-intensive. This study introduces an automated method to extract and identify geological faults from aeromagnetic images, integrating Bayesian Hyperparameter Optimization (BHO), Principal Component Wavelet Analysis (PCWA), and Hysteresis Thresholding Algorithm (HTA). The continuous wavelet transform (CWT), employed across various scales and orientations, enhances feature extraction quality, while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) within the CWT eliminates redundant information, focusing on relevant features. Using a Gaussian Process surrogate model, BHO autonomously fine-tunes hyperparameters for optimal curvilinear pattern recognition, resulting in a highly accurate and computationally efficient solution for curvilinear lineament mapping. Empirical validation using aeromagnetic images from a prominent fault zone in the James Bay region of Quebec, Canada, demonstrates significant accuracy improvements, with 23% improvement in F beta Score over the unoptimized PCWA-HTA and a marked 300% improvement over traditional HTA methods, underscoring the added value of fusing BHO with PCWA in the curvilinear lineament extraction process. The iterative nature of BHO progressively refines hyperparameters, enhancing geological feature detection. Early BHO iterations broadly explore the hyperparameter space, identifying low-frequency curvilinear features representing deep lineaments. As BHO advances, hyperparameter fine-tuning increases sensitivity to high-frequency features indicative of shallow lineaments. This progressive refinement ensures that later iterations better detect detailed structures, demonstrating BHO's robustness in distinguishing various curvilinear features and improving the accuracy of curvilinear lineament extraction. For future work, we aim to expand the method's applicability by incorporating multiple geophysical image types, enhancing adaptability across diverse geological contexts.

The policy brief discusses how a challenge-oriented approach to place-based innovation policies The policy brief discusses how a challenge-oriented approach to place-based innovation policies can bring added value to EU Cohesion Policy. In so doing, it looks at the potential implications of can bring added value to EU Cohesion Policy. In so doing, it looks at the potential implications of a challenge-led logic on three dimensions: the rationale of Cohesion Policy, its operational aspects a challenge-led logic on three dimensions: the rationale of Cohesion Policy, its operational aspects as well as its challenges in terms of governance and coordination. Three areas are explored: how a as well as its challenges in terms of governance and coordination. Three areas are explored: how a challenge-driven logic can offer a deliberative approach to formulate challenge-oriented terrichallenge-driven logic can offer a deliberative approach to formulate challenge-oriented territorial development priorities in the context of Cohesion Policy; how the challenge-oriented torial development priorities in the context of Cohesion Policy; how the challenge-oriented approach can provide an optimal coordination framework to consolidate and streamline public approach can provide an optimal coordination framework to consolidate and streamline public investments from across policy areas and governance levels; how it can reinforce stakeholders investments from across policy areas and governance levels; how it can reinforce stakeholders engagement in Cohesion Policy around localised challenges and help build challenge-oriented engagement in Cohesion Policy around localised challenges and help build challenge-oriented partnerships. partnerships.

Output 5.2 Transition to renewable energy accelerated capitalizing on technological gains, clean energy innovations and new financing mechanisms to support green recovery

Output 1.1 The 2030 Agenda, Paris Agreement and other intergovernmentally-agreed frameworks integrated in national and local development plans, measures to accelerate progress put in place, and budgets and progress assessed using data-driven solutions Output 1.2 Social protection services and systems strengthened across sectors with increased investment Output 1.3 Access to basic services and financial and non-financial assets and services improved to support productive capacities for sustainable livelihoods and jobs to achieve prosperity Output 1.4 Equitable, resilient and sustainable systems for health and pandemic preparedness strengthened to address communicable and non-communicable diseases, including COVID-19, HIV, tuberculosis, malaria and mental health Output 2.1 Open, agile, accountable and future-ready governance systems in place to co-create and deliver solutions to accelerate SDG achievement Output 2.2 Civic space and access to justice expanded, racism and discrimination addressed, and rule of law, human rights and equity strengthened Output 2.3 Responsive governance systems and local governance strengthened for socio economic opportunity, inclusive basic service delivery, community security, and peacebuilding Output 2.4 Democratic institutions and processes strengthened for an inclusive and open public sphere with expanded public engagement Output 3.1 Institutional systems to manage multi-dimensional risks and shocks strengthened at regional, national and sub-national levels Output 3.2 Capacities for conflict prevention and peacebuilding strengthened at regional, national and sub-national levels and across borders Output 3.3 Risk informed and gender-responsive recovery solutions, including stabilization efforts and mine action, implemented at regional, national and sub-national levels Output 3.4 Integrated development solutions implemented to address the drivers of irregular and forced migration, enhance the resilience of migrants, forcibly displaced and host communities, and expand the benefits of human mobility Output 4.1 Natural resources protected and managed to enhance sustainable productivity and livelihoods Output 4.2 Public and private investment mechanisms mobilized for biodiversity, water, oceans, and?climate solutions Output 5.1 Energy gap closed Output 5.2 Transition to renewable energy accelerated capitalizing on technological gains, clean energy innovations and new financing mechanisms to support green recovery Output 6.1 Country-led measures implemented to achieve inclusive economies and to advance economic empowerment of women in all their diversity, including in crisis contexts Output 6.2 Women’s leadership and participation advanced through implementing affirmative measures, strengthening institutions and civil society, and addressing structural barriers, in order to advance gender equality, including in crisis contexts Output 6.3 National capacities to prevent and respond to gender-based violence (GBV) and address harmful gender social norms strengthened, including in crisis contexts Output E.1 People and institutions equipped with strengthened digital capabilities and opportunities to contribute to and benefit from inclusive digital societies Output E.2 Innovation capabilities built, and approaches adopted to expand policy options at global, regional, national and sub-national levels Output E.3 Public and private financing for the achievement of the SDGs expanded at global, regional, and national levels

Output 2.4.1 Gender-responsive legal and regulatory frameworks, policies and institutions strengthened, and solutions adopted, to address conservation, sustainable use and equitable benefit sharing of natural resources, in line with international conventions and national legislation

Output 3.4.1 Innovative nature-based and gender-responsive solutions developed, financed and applied for sustainable recovery

Output 1.1 The 2030 Agenda, Paris Agreement and other intergovernmentally-agreed frameworks integrated in national and local development plans, measures to accelerate progress put in place, and budgets and progress assessed using data-driven solutions Output 1.2 Social protection services and systems strengthened across sectors with increased investment Output 1.3 Access to basic services and financial and non-financial assets and services improved to support productive capacities for sustainable livelihoods and jobs to achieve prosperity Output 1.4 Equitable, resilient and sustainable systems for health and pandemic preparedness strengthened to address communicable and non-communicable diseases, including COVID-19, HIV, tuberculosis, malaria and mental health Output 2.1 Open, agile, accountable and future-ready governance systems in place to co-create and deliver solutions to accelerate SDG achievement Output 2.2 Civic space and access to justice expanded, racism and discrimination addressed, and rule of law, human rights and equity strengthened Output 2.3 Responsive governance systems and local governance strengthened for socio economic opportunity, inclusive basic service delivery, community security, and peacebuilding Output 2.4 Democratic institutions and processes strengthened for an inclusive and open public sphere with expanded public engagement Output 3.1 Institutional systems to manage multi-dimensional risks and shocks strengthened at regional, national and sub-national levels Output 3.2 Capacities for conflict prevention and peacebuilding strengthened at regional, national and sub-national levels and across borders Output 3.3 Risk informed and gender-responsive recovery solutions, including stabilization efforts and mine action, implemented at regional, national and sub-national levels Output 3.4 Integrated development solutions implemented to address the drivers of irregular and forced migration, enhance the resilience of migrants, forcibly displaced and host communities, and expand the benefits of human mobility Output 4.1 Natural resources protected and managed to enhance sustainable productivity and livelihoods Output 4.2 Public and private investment mechanisms mobilized for biodiversity, water, oceans, and?climate solutions Output 5.1 Energy gap closed Output 5.2 Transition to renewable energy accelerated capitalizing on technological gains, clean energy innovations and new financing mechanisms to support green recovery Output 6.1 Country-led measures implemented to achieve inclusive economies and to advance economic empowerment of women in all their diversity, including in crisis contexts Output 6.2 Women’s leadership and participation advanced through implementing affirmative measures, strengthening institutions and civil society, and addressing structural barriers, in order to advance gender equality, including in crisis contexts Output 6.3 National capacities to prevent and respond to gender-based violence (GBV) and address harmful gender social norms strengthened, including in crisis contexts Output E.1 People and institutions equipped with strengthened digital capabilities and opportunities to contribute to and benefit from inclusive digital societies Output E.2 Innovation capabilities built, and approaches adopted to expand policy options at global, regional, national and sub-national levels Output E.3 Public and private financing for the achievement of the SDGs expanded at global, regional, and national levels

Objective: This systematic review investigates the effectiveness of different communication strategies to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake and willingness. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs), following recommendations from the Cochrane Handbook and reporting according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guideline. Data sources: We searched the following databases until 27 July 2022: Cochrane COVID-19 Study Register, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Web of Science Core Collection and WHO COVID-19 Global literature. Eligibility criteria for study selection: We included RCTs investigating, any population, communication-based interventions to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake and comparing these with no intervention (with or without placebo), another communication strategy or another type of intervention. Methods: Screening, data extraction and bias assessment, using the Cochrane ROB 1.0 tool, were conducted by two authors independently. We performed meta-analyses if studies were homogeneous using the Review Manager (RevMan 5) software, synthesised the remaining results narratively and assessed the certainty in the evidence using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach. Results: We identified 49 studies reporting on the predefined four categories of communication interventions. Evidence from our meta-analyses shows that COVID-19 vaccine uptake may increase when education and information strategies are applied (risk ratio (RR) 1.23, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.28; high-certainty evidence) or social norms are communicated (RR 1.28, 95% CI 1.23 to 1.33; high-certainty evidence) compared with no intervention. The different communication strategies mostly have little to no impact on vaccine intention; however, there may be a slight increase in vaccine confidence when gain framing is applied compared with no intervention. Conclusion: Overall, we found that education and information-based interventions or social norm-framing strategies are most effective compared with no intervention given. Our findings show that some of the investigated communication strategies might influence policy decision-making, and our results could be useful for future pandemics as well. Prospero registration number: PROSPERO (CRD42021296618).

Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of health literacy interventions aimed at reducing sugar and sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) intake among Asian populations and identified the common characteristics of effective interventions through a systematic review of randomised and non-randomised studies. Study design: Systematic review of randomised and non-randomised trials. Methods: A systematic search of five databases identified randomised and non-randomised studies on health literacy interventions aimed at reducing sugar and SSB intake among Asian populations. Screening followed predefined criteria, and data extraction captured the intervention type, delivery, duration, and outcomes. Quality was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias-2 and ROBINS-I tools for bias, and the findings were synthesised to identify effective intervention traits and research gaps. Results: Of the eight included studies, three were face-to-face educational, one behavioural, one online, one mobile text messaging, and two front-of-pack (FOP) labelling interventions. Six out of eight studies measured sugar intake, with four assessing SSB intake. Seven studies reported significant dietary improvements. Overall, bias risk was present, with three rated high. Significant inconsistencies in the two studies were further explored. Conclusion: The effectiveness of health literacy interventions in reducing sugar or sugar-sweetened beverage intake was positive, particularly for face-to-face interventions and FOP labels. Available evidence may inform policymaking for the implementation of health promotion for disease prevention and complement standards of care practices for disease management.

In this report, the authors evaluate the factors that drive regional and third-party responses to territorial revision attempts. They analyze five case studies that span peaceful cession, resistance with little international support, and resistance with significant international support. Each case study occupies a different place in this array, with the case of Hong Kong featuring a fully peaceful cession and the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia seeing some very limited local resistance. The Japanese invasion of Manchuria saw full-scale local resistance with no international support. At first, the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait met significant Kuwaiti resistance with no immediate international support, followed by a full-scale coalition response. Last, in the case of the Crimean War, the conflict was internationalized from the very beginning. Using quantitative and qualitative methods, the authors found that third-party states take into account a variety of factors involved in the territorial revision when determining their alignment decisions in its aftermath. These factors include fears of successive revision attempts, continued credible involvement from another outside power, legitimacy according to international and regional organizations, economic links between relevant parties, and the treatment of the population after a territorial takeover.

The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) employs a system of coded speech to communicate policy directives to its implementing bureaucracy. This coded speech is governed by rules and exists in a specific cultural context, potentially confounding those unfamiliar with that context. CCP leaders deploy these codes through the party propaganda system to issue policy directives, and the codes take the form of slogans, linguistic formulations, or key phrases, collectively called tifa. In this report, the author analyzes tifa by providing an overview of the role and relative authority of the information systems the CCP uses to develop, build consensus around, and promulgate tifa. He also identifies four essential characteristics of tifa. The author concludes that, although tifa analysis has specific limitations, it can produce authoritative determinations of what the CCP tells itself it is doing and why and could yield valuable insights into CCP leader perceptions.

Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the major causes of neonatal mortality and morbidity in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). Despite the goal of reducing newborn morbidity and mortality by 2030, low-income countries, including Ethiopia, still confront major challenges. Although various systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRMA) have been conducted on LBW in Ethiopia, there is notable variation among their findings. This umbrella review aimed to consolidate inconsistent findings into a single summary estimate, providing a robust synthesis of evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses to bolster health policy development and planning in Ethiopia.Articles were retrieved on PubMed/Medline, Science Direct, Web of Science, HINARI, and Google Scholar. Assessments of Multiple Systematic Reviews checklist scores were used to assess the quality of the included SRMA studies. A random-effects model was used to estimate the overall effect size.A total of eleven SRMA studies (5 prevalence and 6 predictors) involving 190,492 neonates with an outcome of interest were included in the analysis. The summary estimate for the prevalence of LBW was 16% (95% CI: 13, 18%). Being prematurity [POR: 7.86; 95% CI: 5.79, 10.67], not attending antenatal care (ANC) [POR: 2.4, 95% CI: 1.49, 3.88], having pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) [POR: 4.2; 95% CI: 2.78, 6.36], being a rural resident [POR: 2.14, 95% CI: 1.56, 2.94], having a pregnancy interval < 24 months [POR: 2.96; 95% CI: 1.79, 4.9], not having iron-folic acid supplementation (IFAS) [POR: 0.38; 95% CI: 0.29, 0.5], and being a maternal age < 20 [POR: 2.02, 95% CI: 1.41, 2.9] were significantly associated with LBW. This umbrella review revealed more than three out of twenty neonates experienced LBW in Ethiopia. Being premature, not attending antenatal care, having pregnancy-induced hypertension, being a rural resident, having a pregnancy interval < 24 months, not having iron-folic acid supplementation and being a maternal age < 20 were significant predictors of LBW. Therefore, timely diagnosis, proper treatment, and follow-up of women at risk might combat the incidence of LBW in Ethiopia.

Objectives: The relationship between the volume of medical procedures conducted in hospitals and the resulting health outcomes has been described for various surgical and non-surgical medical interventions. As a policy response to this, several countries have implemented minimum volume standards. However, there is currently a lack of systematically compiled evidence assessing their impact. To close this research gap, we conducted a systematic review on the effects of minimum volume standards in hospitals. Design: Systematic review using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. Data sources: MEDLINE, PubMed Central and Bookshelf (PubMed), EMBASE (Elsevier), CENTRAL (Cochrane Library), CINHAL (EBSCO), EconLIT (EBSCO), PDQ-Evidence for Informed Health Policymaking, Health Systems Evidence and three trial registries were searched until June 2023. Additionally, manual searches were conducted. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies: For inclusion in this review, studies must investigate the effects of minimum volume standards. We accepted all categories of outcomes. Following the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) criteria, only a strict set of study designs, namely randomised controlled trials, non-randomised controlled trials, controlled before-after studies and interrupted time series studies, were included. No restrictions were placed on language, publication date or publication status. Data extraction and synthesis: Two reviewers independently screened titles and abstracts for eligibility, reviewed the full texts and performed data extraction of the included articles. Risk of bias was assessed using the 'Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomised Studies-of Interventions' (ROBINS-I) tool. Certainty of evidence was rated using the GRADE approach. For data synthesis and statistical analyses, we adhered to the EPOC guidance. Results: We included nine studies into our systematic review. Overall, the outcomes reported in the studies are heterogeneous, which did not allow for a meta-analysis, resulting in a narrative analysis of the found evidence. While travel distance increased and length of stay decreased, other reported outcomes such as complications or reoperations were not affected by the introduction of minimum volume standards. Overall, the risk of bias was considered serious for results on outcomes of seven out of the nine included studies and moderate for the remaining two. The certainty of evidence was rated low for complications, reoperations, length of stay and travel distance and very low for mortality (in-hospital; 30 days). Conclusion: This systematic review does not provide conclusive evidence on the effects of minimum volume standards in hospitals regarding any outcomes. The certainty of evidence for mortality (in-hospital; 30 days) is very low and low for complications, reoperations and travel distance. The results are based on a relatively small number of studies for most outcomes. There is a need for studies researching the effects of minimum volume standards based on a robust study design. Prospero registration number: CRD42022318883.

Background: Telehealth technologies can enhance patients' and their families' access to high-quality resources in home-based palliative care. Nurses are deeply involved in delivering telehealth in home-based palliative care. However, no previous integrative systematic reviews have synthesized evidence on nurses' roles, facilitators, and barriers to implementing nurse-delivered telehealth in home-based palliative care. Objective: This integrative systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the roles of nurses and the multilevel facilitators and barriers to implementing nurse-delivered telehealth in home-based palliative care, which could inform future policy development, research, and clinical practice. Methods: This integrative systematic review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. We systematically searched articles published from January 1, 2014, to May 2024 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. We included English-language; peer-reviewed; original; and qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies that centered on nurse-delivered telehealth in home-based palliative care. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to assess the quality of the included articles. Furthermore, 3 authors independently assessed eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the quality of articles. The entities to extract were identified by research questions of interest regardless of the type of study. We applied a convergent synthesis approach to integrate quantitative and qualitative data. Guided by the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) 2.0, we synthesized the facilitators and barriers to implementing nurse-delivered telehealth in home-based palliative care. Results: This integrative systematic review identified 4819 unique articles, including 34 papers encompassing 29 unique primary research studies. Innovations were mainly delivered by nurses (n=8) and nurse-involved multiprofessional teams (n=18). The roles of nurses in telehealth home-based palliative care involve palliative care nurses, community nurses, nurse coordinators, nurse coaches or nurse navigators, and nurse case managers. Guided by CFIR 2.0, facilitators and barriers to implementing nurse-delivered, telehealth, home-based palliative care were identified to 6 implementation levels and 20 constructs. The key facilitators included the COVID-19 pandemic, cost avoidance to the health care system, engagement of patients and their family caregivers, and so on. The barriers included a lack of reimbursement and payment mechanisms, technical problems, insufficiently trained health care providers, and so on. Conclusions: This integrative systematic review synthesizes evidence on nurses' evolving roles in telehealth home-based palliative care and identifies multilevel facilitators and barriers to nurse-delivered, home-based palliative care implementation. With the empowerment of telehealth technologies, nurses could establish a stronger professional identity and develop leadership in home-based palliative care. Nurses should leverage influence to promote nursing practice, clinical management, and policy support in the implementation of telehealth home-based palliative care. Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42024541038; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024541038.

Background: Telehealth technologies can enhance patients' and their families' access to high-quality resources in home-based palliative care. Nurses are deeply involved in delivering telehealth in home-based palliative care. However, no previous integrative systematic reviews have synthesized evidence on nurses' roles, facilitators, and barriers to implementing nurse-delivered telehealth in home-based palliative care. Objective: This integrative systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the roles of nurses and the multilevel facilitators and barriers to implementing nurse-delivered telehealth in home-based palliative care, which could inform future policy development, research, and clinical practice. Methods: This integrative systematic review was conducted using Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance. We followed the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis) guidelines. We systematically searched articles published from January 1, 2014, to May 2024 in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library. We included English-language; peer-reviewed; original; and qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods studies that centered on nurse-delivered telehealth in home-based palliative care. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool to assess the quality of the included articles. Furthermore, 3 authors independently assessed eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the quality of articles. The entities to extract were identified by research questions of interest regardless of the type of study. We applied a convergent synthesis approach to integrate quantitative and qualitative data. Guided by the updated Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) 2.0, we synthesized the facilitators and barriers to implementing nurse-delivered telehealth in home-based palliative care. Results: This integrative systematic review identified 4819 unique articles, including 34 papers encompassing 29 unique primary research studies. Innovations were mainly delivered by nurses (n=8) and nurse-involved multiprofessional teams (n=18). The roles of nurses in telehealth home-based palliative care involve palliative care nurses, community nurses, nurse coordinators, nurse coaches or nurse navigators, and nurse case managers. Guided by CFIR 2.0, facilitators and barriers to implementing nurse-delivered, telehealth, home-based palliative care were identified to 6 implementation levels and 20 constructs. The key facilitators included the COVID-19 pandemic, cost avoidance to the health care system, engagement of patients and their family caregivers, and so on. The barriers included a lack of reimbursement and payment mechanisms, technical problems, insufficiently trained health care providers, and so on. Conclusions: This integrative systematic review synthesizes evidence on nurses' evolving roles in telehealth home-based palliative care and identifies multilevel facilitators and barriers to nurse-delivered, home-based palliative care implementation. With the empowerment of telehealth technologies, nurses could establish a stronger professional identity and develop leadership in home-based palliative care. Nurses should leverage influence to promote nursing practice, clinical management, and policy support in the implementation of telehealth home-based palliative care. Trial registration: PROSPERO CRD42024541038; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024541038.

Individuals born with Trisomy 21 may be more susceptible to experiencing nutrition-related conditions and diseases throughout their lifespan. Seven studies conducted outside of Canada that investigated the impact of nutrition interventions in individuals of different ages (mostly children and youth) born with Trisomy 21 reported mixed results. Furthermore, Canadian clinical nutrition practice guidelines for the provision of care to individuals born with Trisomy 21 tend to be general in nature and may be based on a body of evidence that was not representative of this population. There is a need for well-designed inclusive nutrition research studies to determine the nutritional needs of individuals born with Trisomy 21 and to better understand how to provide person-centred nutrition and healthcare services that achieve nutrition and health equity for these individuals and improve their overall nutritional status and health.

Background: The oral health status of older people living in residential aged care facilities (RACFs) is found to be very poor. Many oral health promotion interventions have been tested in RACF settings around the world with varying degrees of success. Aim: The aim of this systematic review is to analyse the health promotion strategies used in oral health promotion interventions in RACF settings and map the behaviour change techniques (BCTs) used in interventions to the Behaviour Change Techniques Taxonomy Version 1 (BCTTV1). This will help us identify the BCTs that are used and how effective they are in improving oral health outcomes for residents and the knowledge, attitudes and skills of caregivers in providing mouth care assistance to residents of RACFs. Methods: A database search was conducted in MEDLINE, Cochrane CENTRAL, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and Web of Sciences databases to screen for articles relevant to the topic of the review; after full-text review a total of 31 articles comprising both randomised controlled trials and non-randomised intervention studies were included in this review. Risks of bias in randomised studies were assessed using the ROB2 tool and ROBINS-I was used to evaluate non-randomised studies. The description of intervention content in each study was coded for the presence of BCTs by two independent review authors trained in coding BCTs according to BCTTv1. Results: The most commonly used BCTs were 'demonstration of behaviour', 'instruction on how to perform behaviour' and 'credible source'. These BCTs were effective in improving oral health outcomes and knowledge of caregivers on short-term follow-up. A higher number of BCTs were coded in studies that showed significant improvement in oral health outcomes of residents on long-term follow-up with rarely used BCTs related to 'monitoring and feedback' being coded in majority of studies that showed consistent improvement in oral health outcomes of residents. Conclusion: This review identified the most commonly used BCTs used in health promotion interventions to improve oral health among older people in RACFs and found that majority of interventions were targeted towards 'knowledge transfer' and were inconsistent in improving oral health outcomes for residents over long-term. Well conducted studies with use of theoretical behaviour change frameworks to develop oral health promotion interventions are needed as majority of strategies used currently do not demonstrate consistent effectiveness in improving oral health outcomes for residents of RACFs.