Characterizing vertical profiles of in-situ particle properties is relevant because being only based on the surface or column-integrated measurements cannot unambiguously conclude the radiative impact on aerosol. Vertical profiles of in-situ aerosol properties on-board an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) were measured above El Arenosillo (37.1 N, −6.7 W) in the southwest of Spain during four flight missions. Measured properties included particle number size distribution, total particle concentration and multiwavelength absorption coefficient up to 3100 m during cold season (February 4, 2022 and December 11, 2023) and warm season (September 20, 2023 and April 2, 2024). The heterogeneity of particle properties has been shown around two types of events: a mineral particle event of desert origin during cold season and a new particle formation event during warm season. During cold season, a comparison between the flight missions with and without desert dust episodes shows that mineral particles decrease the planetary boundary layer (PBL) height. This behavior is probably related to absorber particles aloft atmosphere, which traps solar radiation and heat up the upper layer of the atmosphere and deteriorates the vertical dispersion. In the literature, this effect is called as ‘dome effect’. During warm season, new particle formation was observed above PBL. This event could be related to the presence of precursor gases in the residual layer, and enhanced by a low concentration of pre-existing particles. The characteristic parameter during the observed event was the fine-to-total particle volume concentration ratio close to zero. These observations highlight the necessity to establish a long-term multi-temporal monitoring of vertical profiles for atmospheric parameters onboard UAV systems and to integrate in Earth observations networks. For example, radiative forcing is usually estimated from surface data, but the heterogeneity in the vertical profiles of atmospheric particles properties, which are used to the forcing quantification, is a result of inaccuracies.