The Three-North Region is pivotal to desertification control in China. Based on the CN05.1 gridded dataset and ERA5 reanalysis data, this study analyzes the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of temperature, extreme temperature events, and land-atmosphere coupling strength in the Three-North Region from 1961 to 2022. Results show since 1961, the Three-North Region of China has experienced a significant warming trend, with an average temperature increase rate of approximately 0.28 °C per decade, notably higher than the contemporaneous global average of around 0.15 °C per decade. The frequency of extreme high-temperature events has markedly increased, leading to a continuous narrowing of the diurnal temperature range. Notably, the land-atmosphere coupling strength, as indicated by the π index, has exhibited a persistent upward trend, which are closely associated with regional warming and the occurrence of extreme heat events. These changes in climate are closely linked to anomalies in atmospheric circulation patterns, which have intensified low-level moisture flux divergence, reduced surface latent heat fluxes, and enhanced sensible heat fluxes. The land-atmosphere interaction has triggered a strong local positive feedback mechanism, further amplifying regional warming and the frequency of extreme temperature events. Overall, land-atmosphere coupling has emerged as a critical driver of climate warming and the intensification of extreme heat events in the Three-North Region, warranting heightened attention in future research. Our findings may provide new perspectives for assessing extreme weather risks in the Three-North Region. The increasingly significant role of enhanced land-atmosphere coupling strength in intensifying extreme weather events also provides valuable insights for other regions.