With rapid climate warming, Arctic surface temperatures have increased by 1.2 °C per decade over recent decades. Meteorological factors influence surface temperature by perturbing the Arctic surface radiation (ASR) budget, yet the changing thermodynamic and dynamic processes driving the ASR budget remain poorly understood. Based on CERES observations from 2001 to 2020, this study quantified the contribution rates of different drivers to the long-term changes in the ASR budget using the stepwise multiple liner regression models. We found that Arctic surface net shortwave (SW) and longwave (LW) radiation show a positive trend of 2.8 and 2.9 W m⁻²/decade, respectively. Attribution analysis reveals that such trends of the ASR tightly relate to the changes in climatic factors, but their temporal relationships exhibit regional divergence. Over land and sea ice, cloud fraction dominantly contributes 46 % and 50 % of the variations in net SW flux anomalies, respectively, and 65 % and 40 % of the variations in net LW flux anomalies. Over open ocean, cloud optical thickness explains 49 % of the changes in net SW flux anomalies, and water vapor contributes 35 % of the variations in net LW flux anomalies. Across the most Arctic regions, clouds induce a net warming effects on the ground, particularly pronounced impacts in central Greenland where the cloud-induced radiative effects exceed 40 W m⁻². Notably, contrary to conventional SW cooling expectations, peripheral Greenland exhibits cloud-induced SW warming. These findings provide critical insights for refining polar radiation parameterizations in climate models.