This study examines the association between heatwaves and female homicides in Brazil, using data from 5,341 municipalities (representing 95% of the country) from 2001 to 2021. Spatial econometric models are applied, and the results reveal a positive association between rising temperatures and the incidence of female homicides, with notable “hot spots” of domestic violence in the Northeast and Southeast regions. The preferred model explains approximately 43% of the variation in female homicides, reinforcing the robustness of the estimates. The research also shows that lower gender wage gaps and higher job stability are associated with reduced rates of female homicides. Overall, the findings indicate that climatic stressors such as heatwaves are associated with increased risks of violence against women, particularly in contexts of socioeconomic vulnerability. The study highlights that public policies aimed at addressing climate-related risks and promoting women’s economic empowerment may contribute to reducing this form of violence in a warming climate.